Paycheck Protection Program
A public record of an emergency business-relief program.
PPP Loan Map helps you explore the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program loan records by place, borrower, amount, year, business type, and forgiveness status. The goal is context: where the money went, what the program asked borrowers to do, and what the public data can and cannot prove on its own.
What the data is
PPP was a federal COVID-19 relief program created by the CARES Act and run by the Small Business Administration with Treasury support. At program close, SBA reported 11,823,594 approved loans and $799,832,866,520 in net approved lending.
The public SBA release is not limited to borrowers over $150,000. SBA's PPP FOIA dataset includes one CSV for loans above $150,000 and twelve CSVs for loans at or below $150,000, plus a data dictionary. This map loads featured pins first, then lets search and filters pull the relevant public records into view.
The latitude, longitude, and Census geography fields come from Geocodio's geocoded PPP loan data, which adds coordinates and 2010 Census boundaries to the original SBA files. Geocodio publishes the modified dataset under CC BY 4.0 and asks users to credit and link to Geocodio in reporting and analysis.
Why this data exists
PPP was funded and guaranteed by the federal government, so the public record matters. The data supports oversight, local reporting, audits, research, and basic transparency about how emergency aid moved through private lenders into communities.
That transparency has tradeoffs. Borrower names, locations, loan amounts, and lender details can help people understand public spending, but a loan record is not proof of wrongdoing. It is a starting point that should be read alongside the rules, the timing, and the limits of the source data.
A balanced view
PPP moved money unusually fast during an economic emergency. For many employers, that speed helped cover payroll and overhead when revenue suddenly collapsed.
The same speed created real problems: rules changed repeatedly, access depended partly on lenders, many demographic fields were missing, and federal reviewers later found improper-payment and fraud risks. The map should help people ask better questions, not flatten the program into either a success story or a scandal.
PPP timeline
- Mar. 2020CARES Act creates PPP
Congress authorizes a new SBA-guaranteed emergency loan program to help employers keep workers paid during COVID-19 shutdowns.
- Apr. 2020First loans begin
Banks, credit unions, fintech lenders, and other approved lenders start originating PPP loans under SBA and Treasury rules.
- Jun. 2020Flexibility Act changes forgiveness
Borrowers get a longer covered period and more room to use funds on eligible non-payroll costs while preserving full forgiveness.
- Dec. 2020-Jan. 2021Program reopens with Second Draw
Congress adds another round for many existing PPP borrowers, including a 25% revenue-reduction test and a lower employee cap.
- May 31, 2021PPP closes to new applications
The program ends, while forgiveness, loan servicing, reviews, enforcement, and data updates continue afterward.
Program requirements
Who could apply
First Draw PPP covered many COVID-affected small businesses, eligible nonprofits, tribal businesses, veterans organizations, sole proprietors, independent contractors, and self-employed people that met SBA size rules.
Loan size and terms
PPP loans generally had a 1% interest rate, no collateral or personal guarantee, no borrower fees, and a size based largely on average monthly payroll costs.
Eligible uses
Funds were meant primarily for payroll and benefits, but could also cover eligible mortgage interest, rent, utilities, worker protection, supplier, operations, and certain property-damage costs.
Forgiveness rules
Loans could be forgiven if employee-retention and eligible-use rules were met. At least 60% of the forgiveness amount had to be for payroll costs.
Second Draw rules
Many second loans required a prior PPP loan, use of the first loan for authorized purposes, no more than 300 employees, and at least a 25% gross-receipts decline between comparable quarters.
What you can do
- Search by 5-digit ZIP, business name, or state. Suggestions populate as you type.
- Filter visible loans by business type, loan amount, forgiveness status, year approved, or business age. Counts update live so you only see options that return results.
- Inspect any pin to see the SBA record fields available for that loan: jobs reported, lender, demographics, reported use of proceeds, forgiveness fields, location details, and more.
Browse index pages
Read the records carefully
The SBA's PPP dataset is messy by nature. Loan amounts, dates, addresses, and coordinates can be incomplete or inconsistent. Demographic fields are often "Unanswered" or blank. Geocoding accuracy varies, and some loans do not have usable coordinates.
Map pins are geocoded estimates based on address data, not verified physical site visits or proof that a business currently operates at that location. Coordinates may point to an address, parcel, street, ZIP centroid, or another matched geography depending on the quality of the source address and geocode.
PPP Loan Map presents the public fields as source records, not as legal findings. Forgiveness status reflects reported forgiveness fields in the data; it does not explain why a loan was or was not forgiven, and it does not replace SBA, lender, court, or inspector-general records. The data is provided as-is and is not endorsed by the U.S. Government.